#meded

Episode 30: Pediatric Stroke – A Primer with Dr. Megan Barry

Emergency Medicine, Neurology, Stroke

On this episode, host Jason Woods talks with Dr. Megan Barry, pediatric neurologist and stroke specialist, about pediatric stroke. This episode serves as a primer to pediatric stroke and a foundation for future discussion. We talk about diagnosis and initial management, risk factors, and places that can trip you if you aren’t careful

Of note, since recording, the International Pediatric Stroke Organization has been founded and has a number of great resources.
Guests

Megan Barry, DO. Assistant professor, Pediatric Neurohospitalist, Adult Vascular Neurologist, University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital Colorado

References

  1. Ferriero DM, Fullerton HJ, Bernard TJ, et al. Management of Stroke in Neonates and Children: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019;50(3):e51-e96. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000183
  2. Shih EK, Beslow LA. Hemorrhagic stroke in children. UpToDate. Accessed: 5/28/19. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hemorrhagic-stroke-in-children
  3. Kirton A, Deveber G, Pontigon AM, Macgregor D, Shroff M. Presumed perinatal ischemic stroke: vascular classification predicts outcomes. Ann Neurol. 2008;63(4):436-443. doi:10.1002/ana.21334
  4. Golomb MR, MacGregor DL, Domi T, et al. Presumed pre- or perinatal arterial ischemic stroke: risk factors and outcomes. Ann Neurol. 2001;50(2):163-168. doi:10.1002/ana.1078
  5. Lehman LL, Khoury JC, Taylor JM, et al. Pediatric Stroke Rates Over 17 Years: Report From a Population-Based Study. J Child Neurol. 2018;33(7):463-467. doi:10.1177/0883073818767039

Additional Resources

  1. Pediatric NIH Stroke Scale
  2. International Pediatric Stroke Organization

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Episode 19: In-flight Emergencies

Emergency Medicine, Podcast

On this episode, host Jason Woods speaks with Dr. TJ Doyle, medical director of the communicaton center at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) and medical director for STAT-MD, a ground based consulting group for airlines. The discussions encompasses that frequency and types of in-flight medical emergencies (IME), what is in the medical kit on airplanes, what resources are available in-flight, and the legal ramifications for medical vounteers.

The highlights:

  • Worldwide ~ 2.75 billion persons fly annually.
  • IME occur in roughly 1 per 604 US flights, or 24-130 IME per 1 million passengers.
    1. 69% had EMS requested, 25% transported to hospital, 8.6% admitted, 0.3% died.
    2. Aircrafts divert in about 4$ of IME
  • Airplane cabins are pressurized to between 5000 and 8000 ft altitude
  • Minimum equipment in the US (see graphic)
  • AED
    • Hemorrhage control
    • IV line
    • Gloves
    • Medications to treat “basic conditions”
      1. Pain
      2. Allergic reactions
      3. Bronchoconstriction
      4. Hypoglycemia
      5. Dehydration
      6. “Some” cardiac conditions
    • Equipment for initial assessment
  • Most common IME
    • Syncope or near 32.7%
    • GI 14.8%
    • Resp 10.1%
    • CV 7.0 %
  • Medical volunteer role
    • Individual airline policies may have different guidance
    • Not generally required to carry proof of medical license
    • Primary role is to gather info, provide assessment, and communicate with ground support. May need to admin medicines or perform procedures but direction of care is by ground medical.
  • Legal and ethical issues
    • US Aviation Medical Assistance Act
      1. Protects passengers who provide medical assistance from liability except in cases of negligence or willful misconduct.
      2. Medical volunteers who seek compensation for this service may jeopardize their protections under this law, though now lawsuit of such has been filed
    • Duty to respond
      1. In US, Canada, England, Singapore, no legal duty
      2. In Australia, many European countries, physicians are required to render assistance.
    • Other countries may have different protections or no protections at all

Guests

Thomas J. Doyle, Clinical Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Associate Medical Director, STAT MedEvac; Medical Director, Command Center, STAT-MD.

References

  1. Christian Martin-Gill, MD, MPH; Thomas J. Doyle, MD, MPH; Donald M. Yealy, MD. In-Flight Medical Emergencies: A Review. JAMA. 2018;320(24):2580-2590. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.19842
  2. Peterson DC, Martin-Gill C, Guyette FX, et all. Outcomes of Medical Emergencies on Commercial Airline Flights. NEJM. 2013:368(22):2075-2083. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1212052

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Episode 18b: Anti-trafficking and the role of the ED

Adolescent Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Sexual Health, Trafficking

On this episode, host Jason Woods speaks with Dr. Makini Chisolm-Straker, an ED physician in New York who is also a founder of HEAL Trafficking, an organization that works to fight human traffickingi n all forms. This is part 2 of a 2 part discussion. The highlights:

  1. Definition of trafficking
    1. recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, and/or obtaining of a person
    2. By the use of force, fraud, and/or coercion
    3. For purposes of labor and/or sexual exploitation
  2. Numbers and general info
    1. Overall labor trafficking is most common
    2. Under age 18 “survival” sex considered victim of trafficking
    3. US reports 15-50k brought to US each year for trafficking, but tn 2014, US DOS reported 21,000 calls to its trafficking hotline, so it is likely far under-reported in the official numbers.
    4. On a 2016 survey of victims of trafficking, 55% had seen an ED/UC while trafficked
  3. There is no comprehensive trafficking screening tool in existence
    1. The Greenbaum tool is only for use in english speaking patients ages 13-17 and evaluates for risk of sex trafficking
  4. Quotes from Makini’s published work that I loved
    1. It is important NOT to employ the Greenbaum Tool until the clinician has had a frank conversation about mandated reporting with the patient. Too often clinicians envision trafficking as a crime from which which victims must be rescued or saved. That is not our job. And it does not work. Victims that are unwillingly rescued often end up back in exploitation circumstances. Many young people in trafficking situations do not identify as victims and some feel a strong sense of agency: others expect to be criminalized by authority figures because that has been their experience.
    2. We must apply the principles learned from because of IPV work. Survivors know more about their situation and needs than we do. Our rescue actions, intended with love, often have untoward unintended consequences for those we seek to serve.

Guests

Makini Chisolm-Straker MD, Assistant Professor of Emergendy Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System

Other Resources

  1. HEAL Trafficking
  2. Training for providers that Dr. Chisolm-Straker mentioned
  3. Human trafficking hotline:
    1. Phone: 1-888-373-7888
    2. SMS:233733 text HELP or INFO
    3. Humantraffickinghotline.org
  4. HumantraffickingED.com

References

1.     Greenbaum VJ, Livings MS, Lai BS et al. Evaluation of a Tool to Identify Child Sex Trafficking Victims in Multiple Healthcare Settings. Journal of Adolescent Health 2018;63(6):745–52. 

2.     Greenbaum VJ, Dodd M, McCracken C. A Short Screening Tool to Identify Victims of Child Sex Trafficking in the Health Care Setting. Pediatric Emergency Care 2018;34(1):33–7. 

3.     Chisolm Straker M, Baldwin S, Gaïgbé-Togbé B, Ndukwe N, Johnson PN, Richardson LD. Health Care and Human Trafficking: We are Seeing the Unseen. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 2016;27(3):1220–33. 

4.     Shandro J, Chilsom-Straker M, Duber HC et al. Human Trafficking: A Guide to Identification and Approach for the Emergency Physician. YMEM 2016;68(4):501–1. 

5.     Chisolm Straker M. Measured steps: evidence‐based anti‐trafficking efforts in the E.D. Acad Emerg Med 2018.  doi: 10.1111/acem.13552 

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Episode 18a: Anti-trafficking and the role of the ED

Adolescent Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Trafficking, Uncategorized

On this episode, host Jason Woods speaks with Dr. Makini Chisolm-Straker, an ED physician in New York who is also a founder of HEAL Trafficking, an organization that works to fight human traffickingi n all forms. This is part 1 of a 2 part discussion. The highlights:

  1. Definition of trafficking
    1. recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, and/or obtaining of a person
    2. By the use of force, fraud, and/or coercion
    3. For purposes of labor and/or sexual exploitation
  2. Numbers and general info
    1. Overall labor trafficking is most common
    2. Under age 18 “survival” sex considered victim of trafficking
    3. US reports 15-50k brought to US each year for trafficking, but tn 2014, US DOS reported 21,000 calls to its trafficking hotline, so it is likely far under-reported in the official numbers.
    4. On a 2016 survey of victims of trafficking, 55% had seen an ED/UC while trafficked
  3. There is no comprehensive trafficking screening tool in existence
    1. The Greenbaum tool is only for use in english speaking patients ages 13-17 and evaluates for risk of sex trafficking
  4. Quotes from Makini’s published work that I loved
    1. It is important NOT to employ the Greenbaum Tool until the clinician has had a frank conversation about mandated reporting with the patient. Too often clinicians envision trafficking as a crime from which which victims must be rescued or saved. That is not our job. And it does not work. Victims that are unwillingly rescued often end up back in exploitation circumstances. Many young people in trafficking situations do not identify as victims and some feel a strong sense of agency: others expect to be criminalized by authority figures because that has been their experience.
    2. We must apply the principles learned from because of IPV work. Survivors know more about their situation and needs than we do. Our rescue actions, intended with love, often have untoward unintended consequences for those we seek to serve.

Guests

Makini Chisolm-Straker MD, Assistant Professor of Emergendy Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System

Other Resources

  1. HEAL Trafficking
  2. Training for providers that Dr. Chisolm-Straker mentioned
  3. Human trafficking hotline:
    1. Phone: 1-888-373-7888
    2. SMS:233733 text HELP or INFO
    3. Humantraffickinghotline.org
  4. HumantraffickingED.com

References

1.     Greenbaum VJ, Livings MS, Lai BS et al. Evaluation of a Tool to Identify Child Sex Trafficking Victims in Multiple Healthcare Settings. Journal of Adolescent Health 2018;63(6):745–52. 

2.     Greenbaum VJ, Dodd M, McCracken C. A Short Screening Tool to Identify Victims of Child Sex Trafficking in the Health Care Setting. Pediatric Emergency Care 2018;34(1):33–7. 

3.     Chisolm Straker M, Baldwin S, Gaïgbé-Togbé B, Ndukwe N, Johnson PN, Richardson LD. Health Care and Human Trafficking: We are Seeing the Unseen. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 2016;27(3):1220–33. 

4.     Shandro J, Chilsom-Straker M, Duber HC et al. Human Trafficking: A Guide to Identification and Approach for the Emergency Physician. YMEM 2016;68(4):501–1. 

5.     Chisolm Straker M. Measured steps: evidence‐based anti‐trafficking efforts in the E.D. Acad Emerg Med 2018.  doi: 10.1111/acem.13552 

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Episode 17: Teeny Weeny Problems – Pediatric Urology

Emergency Medicine, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Urology

On this episode, host Jason Woods speaks with Dr. Tanya Davis, pediatric urologist and all around superstar, about common pediatric urology problems that present to the emergency department. The highlights:

  1. Testicular torsion is an emergency, and ultrasound should be performed when this is suspected. If the symptoms are highly suggestive call urology even with a normal ultrasound
  2. It is suggested that urology is contacted before performing any repair of a laceration that is more than superficial.
  3. Pediatric patients that develop epididymitis in the absence of sexual activity should be referred to urology, as this is unusual and may indicate an anatomic abnormality.
  4. Dr. Davis feels that any patient with complex urogenital anatomy, indwelling catheters, or a surgically created catheterizable tract should NOT have antibiotics started for UTI without contacting their primary urologist.

Guests

Tanya Davis MD, Clinical Instructor, Department of Urology, Children’s National Health System

Pediatric Urologist, Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group

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Episode 16: Transgender Health Care

Emergency Medicine, Podcast

First, apologies for the delay in this episode! We’ve got a 2-month-old at home and it turns out, those little amazing terrorists take a lot of time!

On this episode, host Jason Woods speaks to Dr. Natalie Nokoff, a pediatric endocrinologist who works with transgender patients. The discussion centers on the health care needs of these patients, preferred language, safety, and how to approach the discussion of gender in our population.

Important Links

  1. Human Rights Campaign
  2. National LGBT Health Education Center
  3. GLAAD
  4. World Professional Association for Transgender Health
  5. Transgender Law Center

References

  1. Wylie K, Knudson G, Khan SI, et al. Serving transgender people: clinical care considerations and service delivery models in transgender health. Lancet 2016; 388:401.
  2. Turban J, Ferraiolo T, Martin A, Olezeski C. Ten Things Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Youth Want Their Doctors to Know. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 56:275.
  3. Olson-Kennedy J and Forcier M. Management of transgender and gender-diverse children and adolescents. UpToDate. Last Update Nov 2018. Accessed Nov 2018.
  4. Olson-Kennedy J and Forcier M. Gender development and clinical presentation of gender diversity in children and adolescents. Last Update Nov 2018. Accessed Nov 2018.

Guests

Natalie Nokoff MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Colorado and the University of Colorado

 

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Episode 15b: Specific Renal Issues

Education, Nephrology, Podcast, Uncategorized

This is part 2 of a discussion with Dr. Danielle Soranno, on specific renal issues in the ED. She discusses hyperkalemia, end-stage renal disease, and HUS among others. If you haven’t listened to Part 1 yet, got back an episode in the feed.

Guests

Danielle Soranno MD,  Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Bioengineering & Medicine
University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital Colorado

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Episode 15a: Nephrology Overview with Danielle Sorrano

Education, Emergency Medicine, Nephrology, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Podcast, Uncategorized

On this episode, host Jason Woods tries to tackle all things renal. This is part 1 of a discussion with Dr. Danielle Soranno, who gives an overview of how she approaches the kidney and what things we need to know in general. She talks about common renal issues in the emergency department and what information she wants to hear when called for a consult

Part 2 will post later this week and digs into some specific illnesses such as HUS, hyperkalemia, and end-stage renal disease.

Guests

Danielle Soranno MD,  Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Bioengineering & Medicine
University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital Colorado

Important Information

  1. Fab Four – FABU
    1. Function
    2. Anatomy
    3. Blood Pressure
    4. Urine

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Episode 14: UTICalc with Nader Shaikh

Calculators, Emergency Medicine, Infectious Disease, Uncategorized

On this episode, host Jason Woods speaks to Dr. Nader Shaikh about his recent paper on the development of a calculator (UTICalc) to estimate the probability of UTI in pediatric patients. The calculator itself is fantastic and easy to use (see link below) but the discussion centers on the methods behind the calculator. We dig into how these calculators are developed, how to determine if they are accurate/useful, and how to use them in clinical practice.

Important Links

  1. UTI Calculator link – UTICalc
  2. AAP UTI Guidelines, 2016 Reaffirmation of 2011 Guidelines
  3. AAP 2011 UTI Guidelines Update

References

  1. Shaikh N et al. “Development and Validation of a Calculator for Estimating the Probability of Urinary Tract Infection in Young Febrile Children”. JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Jun 1;172(6):550-556. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.0217.
  2. Roberts  KB; Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection, Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management.  Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2 to 24 months.  Pediatrics. 2011;128(3):595-610.Lavelle  JM, Blackstone  MM, Funari  MK,  et al.  Two-step process for ED UTI screening in febrile young children: reducing catheterization rates.  Pediatrics. 2016;138(1):e20153023.
  3. Shaikh  N, Morone  NE, Bost  JE, Farrell  MH.  Prevalence of urinary tract infection in childhood: a meta-analysis.  Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27(4):302-308.
  4. Hoberman  A, Wald  ER, Reynolds  EA, Penchansky  L, Charron  M.  Pyuria and bacteriuria in urine specimens obtained by catheter from young children with fever.  J Pediatr. 1994;124(4):513-519.
  5. Hoberman  A, Chao  HP, Keller  DM, Hickey  R, Davis  HW, Ellis  D.  Prevalence of urinary tract infection in febrile infants.  J Pediatr. 1993;123(1):17-23.

Guests

Nader Shaikh MD, Associate Professor, General Academic Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh

 

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Episode 13: Adolescent Sexual Health and Education

Adolescent Medicine, Medical Education, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Podcast, Sexual Health

On this episode, host Jason Woods speaks to Daniela Fellman and Alison Macklin, leaders from the Responsible Sex Education Institute, about a topic that can sometimes be difficult for patients, parents, and care providers…sex! Sexual and reproductive health education is hugely important and frequently politicized. Both interviewees are leading the way when it comes to education and outreach programs in the field of sex education. We talk about a variety of resources which are listed below, as well as get a sneak peek at two books which are being published soon.

Important Links

  1. Responsible Sex Education Institute
  2. ICYC Instagram
  3. ICYC – In Case You’re Curious
  4. Making Sense of “It” by Alison Macklin (available for pre-order now!)

Additional Resources

  1. Glsen
  2. Scarleteen
  3. Healthy Teen Network
  4. Advocates for Youth
  5. Amaze

Guests

Alison Macklin – Vice President of Education and Innovation, Responsive Sex Education, Planned Parenthood of the Rocky Mountains

Daniela Fellman – Program Manager of Texting Initiatives, Planned Parenthood of the Rocky Mountains

 

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